costs4).

“SME Exploratory” awards – support of 75 % of total eligible costs[vi] for

an exploratory phase of a project of up to 12 months (e.g. feasibility

studies, validation, partner search).

(b) Training fellowships

Marie Curie fellowships are either fellowships, where individual

researchers apply directly to the Commission, or host fellowships, where

institutions apply to host a number of researchers (financial

participation: maximum of 100 % of the additional eligible costs necessary

for the action[vii]). See Box 2.

The decisions on the specific programmes may define specific sub types of

actions for example: the programme “Confirming the international role of

Community research” – INCO 2 - defines bursaries for young researchers from

developing countries and other bursaries for researchers from the EU Member

States or Associated States as specific training fellowships. See Box 1.

(c) Research training networks and thematic networks

- Training networks for promoting training-through-research especially of

researchers at pre-doctoral and at post-doctoral level (these are only

implemented under the IHP Programme) - and thematic networks for bringing

together e.g. manufacturers, users, universities, research centres around a

given S&T objective. These include co-ordination networks between Community

funded projects. Support will cover maximum 100% of eligible costs

necessary for setting up and maintaining such networks.

(d) Concerted actions

Actions co-ordinating RTD projects already in receipt of national funding,

for example to exchange experiences, to reach a critical mass, to

disseminate results etc. (financial participation: maximum of 100 % of the

eligible costs necessary for the action).

(e) Accompanying measures

Actions contributing to the implementation of a Specific Programme or the

preparation of future activities of the programme. They will also seek to

prepare for or to support other indirect RTD actions (financial

participation: maximum of 100 % of total eligible costs).

Each Specific Programme will not necessarily open all the above mentioned

types of actions in all calls. Please refer to sections II and Part 2 of

this Guide to see which actions are called for in the different programmes

and calls.

I.3.3 Clusters

The cluster is a defined group of RTD projects. Its aim is to guarantee

complementarity among projects, to maximise European added value within a

given field and to establish a critical mass of resources at the European

level.

An integrated approach towards research fields and projects financed is

needed to solve complex multidisciplinary problems effectively. The

clusters reflect this problem-solving approach. Indeed, in a cluster

projects are joined together because they complement each other in

addressing major objectives in the context of a key action or a generic

activity (sometimes even across different key actions or specific

programmes). Clusters are expected to optimise scientific networking,

management, co-ordination, monitoring, the exchange of information and, on

voluntary basis, the exploitation and dissemination activities. The cluster

may thus become a natural process to generate European added value,

wherever it makes sense, beyond the limited resources of an isolated

project.

All types of projects can be assembled and integrated within a cluster,

including those funded by different EU RTD activities (key action, generic

activity, infrastructure). By the same token, and as part of an overall

European approach, relevant activities under other research frameworks

(notably EUREKA, COST) could also be taken into account whenever this can

reinforce synergy. Clusters will be set up through thematic networks or

complementary clauses.

I.3.4. Gender equal opportunities

In line with the Commission’s strategic approach of mainstreaming equal

opportunities in all Union policies, particular account is taken in the

Fifth Framework Programme of the need to promote the participation of women

in the fields of research and technological development. Therefore women

are encouraged to participate in proposals for the above mentioned RTD

activities.

Box 1 - Bursaries for young researchers from Developing Countries

When preparing a joint research proposal1 or concerted action proposal for

submission to any of the programmes, a consortium may, if it wishes,

include an application for an international co-operation training bursary2.

These bursaries will be funded from the budget of the Specific Programme

‘Confirming the International Role of Community Research’ and are intended

to allow young researchers from Developing Countries, including Emerging

Economies and Mediterranean Partner Countries3 to work for up to 6 months

in a European research institute participating in a FP-5 project. The

bursaries will be granted for training activities only (e.g. to allow the

applicant to learn a new scientific technique or for work on a particular

experiment or set of experiments where the host institution has particular

expertise and which cannot be performed in the home institution of the

candidate).

The bursary application must be submitted together with the proposal

application and will be evaluated together with it. Spontaneous, individual

bursary applications will not be accepted. Inclusion of a bursary

application will neither enhance nor detract from the chances of success of

the proposal. Only if the whole proposal is selected for funding and the

bursary application is highly rated, will the bursary be granted. A poor

bursary application can be rejected without harming the chances of success

of the proposal.

In order to be eligible, the bursary applicant must not be more than 40

years of age at the time of application, must be a national of one of the

eligible countries3 and be established and working in that country and

intending to return there at the end of the training period. She/he must

also have a good knowledge of a working language of the host institute.

Applications from female researchers are encouraged.

The host institute must be established in an EU Member State or in a State

Associated to FP-54 and must be a member of the consortium proposing the

research project or concerted action.

Eligible bursary applications will be evaluated according to the excellence

of the scientific and/or training objectives of the application, its

potential value to the applicant and his/her institute and to the project

as a whole, as well as the experience and professional training of the

candidate.

The 6 month training period may start at any time up to 12 months from the

Commission signature of the main project contract. A fixed sum will be

granted to cover the cost of one (apex) return fare from the place of

origin of the candidate to the host institute, and a daily allowance for

the duration of the training period (based on the rates for Marie Curie

Fellowships, see the corresponding brochure for applicants).

1 Research and Technological Development projects, Demonstration projects

and Combined projects (see point I.3.2.a)

2 Application forms can be downloaded from the CORDIS web site page

(http://www.cordis.lu/fp5) for the Calls to which you reply, or ordered

from the Programmes’ information desk.

3 Developing countries are: African, Caribbean, Pacific (ACP) countries,

Asian and Latin American (ALA) countries, Mediterranean countries (MC).

4 For the list of Associated States, see box 4.

Box 2 – The System of Marie Curie Fellowships

| |

|As described below, there are two types of application for a Marie Curie|

|Fellowship: individual fellowships, where individual researchers apply |

|to the Commission for a fellowship; and host fellowships, where |

|institutions apply to the Commission to host a number of researchers. |

| |

|Individual Fellowships: |

| |

|Marie Curie Individual Fellowships |

|Fellowships for young researchers at post-doctoral level or equivalent |

| |

|Marie Curie Return Fellowships |

|Fellowships for Marie Curie Fellows, originating from a less-favoured |

|region, to return to a less favoured region of their home country after |

|their initial two year post-doctoral fellowship |

| |

|Marie Curie Experienced Researchers Fellowships |

|Fellowships for experienced researchers: for the transfer of expertise |

|and technology between (i) industry and academia and (ii) towards |

|less-favoured regions of the European Community. |

| |

| |

|Host Fellowships: |

| |

|Stays at Marie Curie Training Sites |

|Giving young researchers pursuing doctoral studies the opportunity to |

|spend part of their studies within an internationally recognised group, |

|in their specialised area of research. |

| |

|Marie Curie Development Host Fellowships |

|Fellowships for institutions located in less-favoured regions, which are|

|active in research and have a need to develop new areas of research |

|competence, to host post-doctoral level researchers in the area of |

|competence required. |

| |

|Marie Curie Industry Host Fellowships |

|Awarded to enterprises, including SMEs, for the training of young |

|researchers, at postgraduate and post-doctoral level, in an industrial |

|or commercial environment. These fellowships particularly aim at |

|providing research training opportunities for young researchers without |

|any previous industrial experience. |

| |

|Further information on the system of Marie Curie Fellowships and |

|application forms may be obtained from its web site |

|(http://www.cordis.lu/improving/home.html) or from the IHP Programme’s |

|information desk. |

II. The Specific Programme: Quality of Life and Management of Living

Resources

II.1. Programme objectives

Economic and political developments in Europe have resulted in greater

prosperity, increased life expectancy and better working conditions. These

improvements have, however, been accompanied by challenges, such as higher

health-care costs, an ageing population, environmental degradation and

heightened ethical concerns. A gap has become increasingly evident between

the availability of natural resources and human activities. Paradoxically,

this has occurred just as there is an "explosion" in the knowledge base

concerning the structure and function of all living things, pointing

towards new developments in, for example, health-care, pharmaceuticals,

agriculture and food.

This programme aims to unlock the resources of the living world and improve

the quality of life. To achieve this, the links between discovery,

production and end-use must be consolidated. The needs of society and the

requirements of the consumer are paramount and research must lead to

quantifiable future wealth and job creation, while respecting the

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