Concerning wages the ILO has accepted a number of conventions and recommendations, basically they concern establishments of the state minimum of the salary (the Convention № 131 1970), equal payment for equivalent work of the man and the woman (the Convention № 100 1951), wages protection (the Convention № 95 1949), obliging the states to provide regular payment of wages).

Especially the ILO concerning a labour safety (the safety precautions and a factory hygiene), in particular about an interdiction of use of some harmful substances (white phosphorus, benzene, etc.) in manufacture, about a labour safety of children and teenagers, the minimum age of their admission to separate kinds of work, about an interdiction of use of their work and women on underground works, about physical examination of children and teenagers for finding-out of their suitability to work in the industry is a lot of conventions and recommendations.

Recommendations № 130 are devoted an order of consideration of individual labour disputes.

Wide circulation practice of hiring and employment of seamen through intermediary (круинговые) has received the organisations.

Ratified convention No 179 about hiring and employment of seamen establishes concrete requirements to activity of such organisations (in the Convention - hiring and employment services).

In particular the Convention defines concept of competent body which means the minister, the appointed official, the governmental department or other authority, authorised to publish statutory acts, orders or the instructions having a binding force concerning hiring and employment of seamen.

By the convention it is established that the state defines conditions at which delivery of licences, certificates or similar permissions to hiring and employment service can stop or be cancelled in case of infringement of the corresponding legislation.

By the convention it is established that the competent body demands from services of hiring and employment of acceptance of the measures providing presence of means at the employer for protection of seamen from danger to appear left in difficult situation in foreign port.

The convention defines, that the competent body has created the protection mechanism, in the form of insurance or in other equivalent form, for indemnification to seamen of a monetary damage which they can incur because of default by service of hiring and employment of the obligations to them.

Identification cards of the seaman

In connection with the measures accepted on struggle against terrorism and for the purpose of increase of level of identification of the person of the seaman, Convention No 185 about identification cards of seamen is accepted.

The convention provides introduction by the states of identification cards of the seamen containing the biometric information on their owners. The certificate has the independent status and is not the passport.

Supervision and the control

By convention No147 on the minimum norms in a merchant marine fleet it is established that each Member of the Organization ratifying the present Convention, undertakes to carry out effective jurisdiction or the control over the courts registered in its territory, in the relation:

- Norms of safety, including norms concerning qualification, durations of working hours and crew completion;

- Social insurance measures;

- Working conditions and living conditions onboard a vessel.

The convention demands from the state to check by inspection that the vessels registered in its territory, answer the ratified international conventions on work, laws and rules, collective agreements.

Considering width of sphere of the control, Convention positions provide presence of "the central co-ordinating body» which should establish principles and a quality monitoring. It bears responsibility for the organisation of check of working conditions and a life of seamen on courts of the state of a flag.

Berbout-charter-party

By convention No147 on the minimum norms in a merchant marine fleet it is established that the flag state undertakes to carry out effective jurisdiction or the control over the courts registered in its territory, concerning working conditions and living conditions onboard a vessel.

The system decision of this question will demand the good analysis and preparation of offers on change of the national legislation.

The statistical reporting

Convention No134 on accident prevention covers the accidents occurred to the seaman in an operating time or connected with it. Competent bodies should take measures for that maintenance that the detailed statistical account and the analysis of the data about such accidents was carried out.

Feature of this account consists that along with the account of number, character, the reasons and consequences of accidents it is necessary to divide them on services onboard a vessel, for example: deck, machine, economic, and with instructions of a site of a vessel, for example: in the sea or in port.

Besides, the Convention demands, that competent authorities organised on the basis of this statistics working out of programs on accident prevention not only on each vessel, but also at federal level.

Sanitary rules and norms

Convention No 92 about premises for crew onboard courts establishes the requirements connected with construction, re-equipment and repair of courts.

On the statement the drawing of this vessel with instructions of placing and the general device of premises for crew is represented to competent authority.

Prior to the beginning of construction of premises for crew and before reorganisation or reconstruction of such premises on existing courts to competent authority detailed drawings and data concerning premises, arrangements of each space, placing of furniture and the equipment, an arrangement of ventilation, illumination and heating and sanitary devices are submitted for approval.

The convention demands, that in each case of changes of a premise for vessel or complaint crew from outside trade unions the competent authority examined a vessel and was convinced that premises for crew correspond to legislation requirements.

However, it is necessary to notice that operating sanitary rules for sea-crafts morally have become outdated. So in Convention No 133, on premises for crew onboard the courts, supplementing Convention No 92, additional requirements on metric area of premises and cabins for the personnel of courts, to metric area of dining rooms and acquisition by their refrigerators and other household appliances, metric area, quantity and equipment of premises for rest contain.

In connection with the above-stated, it is necessary to process corresponding sanitary rules and requirements under safety precautions for sea-crafts, and to issue them in the form of technical regulations.

Safety regulation at the international level

Trading navigation is one of the most adjustable branches and was one of the first branches which have applied the international standards in sphere of safety.

Recommendations about safety of navigation are developed at world level. As navigation is the international branch, it is necessary, that it was exposed to uniform regulation on such questions, as vessel construction standards, navigating rules, standards of qualification of crews.

The navigable branch is regulated first of all by the International sea organisation (IMO) which is in London and is the branch of the United Nations responsible for safety of a life in the sea and protection of a sea environment. The International Labour Organization (ILO) also is responsible for working out of labour standards for seamen worldwide.

IMO has accepted the universal concept of detailed technical rules in the form of the international diplomatic conventions which regulate safety of courts and protection of the sea environment. The governments of the countries which consist in IMO, should instal these international rules and make sure that the vessels registered under their flags observe these rules.

The main responsibility for introduction of rules IMO concerning safety of navigation and protection of the sea environment lies on the flag states (i.e. the countries in which trading vessels are registered, they can differ from the countries to which vessels actually belong).

he basic documents regulating sea safety

Further the basic international navigable conventions accepted IMOи ILO which concern safety and pollution prevention are listed.

Conventions which concern vessel activity

SOLAS (the International convention on safety of a life in the sea, 1974) lists the list of necessary minimum standards for a safe vessel construction, the capital equipment for safety (protection against a fire, navigation, saving means and radio) which are necessary onboard. This convention also demands regular checks of a vessel and release by the states of a flag of certificates of conformity.

MARPOL (the International convention on prevention of pollution from courts, 1973/1978) contains requirements on prevention of pollution which can be entailed accidents and daily activity of a vessel.

COLREG (the Convention by the international rules on prevention of collisions in the sea, 1972) describes "traffic regulation", such as the right of pass and action on prevention of collisions.

LOADLINE (the International convention on cargo waterlines, 1966) describes is minimum admissible surface board, according to a season of year and trading ways of a vessel.

ISPS (the International code of safety of a vessel and port, 2002) includes necessary requirements on safety of courts and the port equipment.

Conventions which concern activity of the navigable company

ISM (the International code by safe management, 1993) demands from the navigable companies presence of the licence for work. The companies and their vessels should pass regular checks to be convinced that the safety system exists, including sufficient procedures and communication between a vessel and its management ashore.

Conventions which works of seamen concern

STCW (the International convention under standards of training, certification and execution of watch for seamen, 1978/1995) establishes uniform standards of knowledge for seamen.

ILO 147 (the Convention on trading navigation ILO, 1976) demands from the government of the countries of presence of the effective legislation concerning work, such as business hours, the medical validity and operating conditions for seamen. It has been replaced by convention MLC 2006 (the Convention on sea work ILO, 2006).

The convention on work in sea navigation

From February, 7 till February, 23rd, 2006 in Geneva there has passed 94th (sea) session of the International conference of work. On it the Convention on work in sea navigation which inherently was summary has been accepted and should become the uniform co-ordinated certificate regulating work of seamen.

The Convention purpose - to unite in one international contract all newest standards on work on the sea, containing in a number of conventions and recommendations of the International organisation of work. The convention reconsiders 36 international contracts operating now and unifies their norms for the purpose of assistance to creation of worthy working conditions of seamen.

The summary Convention replaces almost all earlier existing sea conventions and the recommendations accepted by the International conference of work since 1920, and allows to harmonise positions of the national labour right of the different countries. It is important first of all for the transport organisations, and first of all - for sea navigation. With the advent of the international labour market of seamen when they can be employed on the ships under any flag, sea navigation has turned to the first-ever originally global branch. It to the full concerns also our country because the significant amount of the Russian seamen floats on courts under flags of other states.

Roland Ajvz (RolandIves), the manager on a problem of the human factor and external relations the ILO in Lloyd's Register, spoke about that huge work which expects the organisation, such as Lloyd's Register, which states name «the responsible organisations». As he said, estimation has shown that inspection the ILO on the bulk ship with crew from 30 persons can be tightened at 9-12 o'clock.

Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7